A Safety Risk Assessment is a structured process for identifying, evaluating, and documenting risks related to workplace activities. It forms the basis of the Documento di Valutazione dei Rischi (DVR), a legally mandated document that must be drafted and maintained by the employer.

The assessment includes:

• Regular monitoring and revision of the risk profile
• Identification of hazards specific to the workplace or activity (e.g., chemical, mechanical, ergonomic)
• Evaluation of the probability and severity of risks
• Definition of preventive and protective measures
• Assignment of responsibilities for health and safety

All companies in Italy – regardless of their size or sector – must perform a safety risk assessment.

The obligation applies to:

• Italian companies with employees
• Foreign companies operating in Italy (including posted workers)
• Individual businesses with subordinate workers
• Construction sites, manufacturing plants, hospitality venues, offices, and more

Failure to comply may result in:

• Criminal liability for accidents or injuries
• Suspension of business activity
• Administrative fines from €2,500 to over €10,000

According to Art. 17 of Legislative Decree 81/2008, the employer must:

• Conduct a risk assessment and draft the DVR
• Appoint a Health and Safety Officer (RSPP)
• Provide adequate training and personal protective equipment (PPE)
• Designate emergency personnel for fire safety and first aid
• Ensure coordination with contractors and third parties operating on-site

For construction and project-based works, a POS (Piano Operativo di Sicurezza) may also be required.

The DVR must be drafted:

• Before starting any activity involving workers
• Whenever a new risk is introduced, such as a new machine or process
• Following workplace incidents, significant changes, or upon official request

In cases involving posted workers or temporary operations by foreign entities, the risk assessment must be prepared, translated into Italian, and coordinated with the local Servizio di Prevenzione e Protezione (SPP).